This file contains all of the data used in E. McGrattan, A Defense of AK Growth Models, Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, Fall 1998. COUNTRY CODES: AUS Australia CAN Canada FRA France DEU Germany, West IND India JPN Japan KOR Korea NLD Netherlands OAN Taiwan GBR United Kingdom USA United States NOTES: NaN indicates a missing observation. DATA: 1. Real GDP per Worker (1985 international prices) RGDPW from Penn World Table, version 5.6 Reference: Summers, R. and A. Heston (1991), The Penn World Table (Mark 5): An expanded set of international comparisons, 1950-1988, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106:327-368. Website: www.nber.org YEAR AUS CAN FRA DEU JPN NLD GBR USA 1950 16072 16113 8772 7339 2595 11414 11665 20496 1951 15956 16537 9273 7886 2901 11333 12071 21396 1952 14517 17323 9564 8548 3115 11124 11951 21433 1953 16110 17739 9778 9097 3255 12115 12501 22087 1954 17153 17015 10159 9736 3376 13198 12937 21703 1955 17596 18156 10684 10943 3596 14094 13403 23345 1956 17258 19470 11461 11478 3804 14968 13516 23449 1957 17263 19336 11994 11928 4023 15302 13719 23410 1958 18170 19072 12258 12211 4179 14754 13705 22876 1959 19014 19483 12637 13004 4477 15550 14211 24157 1960 19261 19484 13478 13919 4998 17117 14754 24433 1961 18644 19316 14111 14527 5630 17501 15077 24431 1962 19529 20050 14857 15061 5929 17961 15105 25318 1963 20371 20581 15462 15382 6435 18421 15639 25882 1964 21430 21354 16406 16413 7140 19892 16409 26794 1965 21246 22245 17027 17282 7333 20628 16645 28051 1966 21906 23145 17848 17593 7983 20958 16895 29152 1967 22300 23294 18573 17507 8722 21817 17303 29369 1968 23902 23973 19261 18675 9714 23021 17916 30192 1969 24521 24746 20554 20104 10599 24217 18063 30637 1970 25218 24906 21598 21251 11526 25413 18559 30468 1971 25329 25534 22323 22371 11874 25976 18739 30690 1972 25737 26264 22957 23067 12713 26400 19345 31463 1973 26391 27426 24002 23956 13568 27257 20629 32488 1974 25917 27740 24386 23664 13212 27922 20134 31402 1975 25988 27350 23818 23342 13381 27421 19843 30134 1976 26326 28241 24803 24722 13892 28429 20269 31042 1977 25957 28268 25419 25406 14436 28779 20654 31869 1978 26876 28704 25997 26145 15025 29142 21341 32773 1979 26823 29191 26673 27257 15733 29425 21895 32796 1980 27276 28725 26810 27273 16284 29233 21246 31698 1981 27526 29481 26635 26733 16745 28437 20842 32023 1982 26204 27733 26990 26138 17117 27640 21166 30672 1983 27492 28376 26763 26520 17408 27681 21916 31379 1984 28424 29980 26832 27015 18010 28192 22370 33247 1985 28960 31147 27064 27252 18820 28563 22981 33783 1986 28923 32037 27645 27879 19130 29016 23931 34342 1987 29877 33196 28084 28239 19772 28978 25016 35023 1988 31055 34521 29130 29152 20873 29352 26359 36083 1989 31271 35069 29879 28505 21691 30384 26858 36859 1990 30312 34380 30357 29509 22624 31242 26755 36771 2. Real Investment share of GDP [%] (current international prices) CI from Penn World Table, version 5.6 Reference: Summers, R. and A. Heston (1991), The Penn World Table (Mark 5): An expanded set of international comparisons, 1950-1988, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106:327-368. Website: www.nber.org YEAR AUS CAN FRA DEU JPN NLD GBR USA 1950 26.4 24.1 21.9 28.3 16.5 25.7 11.1 26.3 1951 33.1 25.5 21.3 27.3 22.5 24.5 15.2 25.6 1952 20.6 23.8 19.6 27.3 17.9 18.0 12.4 22.7 1953 24.6 24.9 18.0 26.2 16.4 20.9 13.4 22.8 1954 27.6 21.8 19.5 28.4 17.5 24.8 13.7 22.5 1955 27.8 23.7 20.1 31.5 18.5 24.6 14.9 24.9 1956 24.9 28.6 22.8 30.9 20.5 26.2 15.2 24.3 1957 26.1 27.6 23.3 30.7 23.5 27.7 16.0 23.1 1958 28.5 24.9 24.3 30.2 21.0 23.1 15.4 22.3 1959 28.3 25.3 23.7 31.5 22.5 24.6 16.1 23.9 1960 30.6 23.7 25.2 32.4 25.7 27.6 18.0 22.8 1961 25.1 21.7 24.6 31.2 30.0 26.9 17.3 21.6 1962 27.8 22.1 25.0 30.4 27.2 25.6 16.1 22.4 1963 27.2 21.7 25.0 29.1 28.3 24.1 16.1 22.8 1964 30.9 22.7 26.7 31.1 29.5 28.2 19.2 22.9 1965 29.2 24.2 25.9 31.1 27.5 26.5 18.5 23.8 1966 28.8 24.6 26.7 29.3 28.1 26.9 17.9 23.7 1967 27.9 22.1 26.4 26.1 30.5 26.9 18.4 22.5 1968 29.7 21.6 26.7 27.8 32.6 27.5 18.9 22.3 1969 29.0 22.9 28.5 29.5 34.4 27.4 19.2 22.7 1970 30.4 21.8 29.3 30.8 37.7 29.6 19.8 21.5 1971 28.5 22.2 28.8 29.6 35.9 28.2 19.1 22.8 1972 26.5 22.1 28.7 29.0 35.8 25.9 18.0 22.9 1973 28.9 22.9 30.1 28.9 37.8 26.6 20.5 24.1 1974 27.8 24.4 31.3 26.1 37.2 26.2 20.2 23.4 1975 26.7 24.0 26.2 24.4 34.3 22.9 17.5 20.0 1976 27.9 23.9 28.3 26.3 34.0 23.1 19.1 21.7 1977 25.6 23.4 27.4 25.3 33.4 23.9 18.8 23.5 1978 28.1 23.1 26.1 25.3 33.8 24.3 18.5 24.8 1979 27.2 25.0 27.3 27.7 35.6 23.7 18.7 24.6 1980 28.5 24.9 28.0 27.3 34.8 23.4 15.7 22.5 1981 30.1 26.7 25.6 24.7 33.8 19.5 14.3 23.2 1982 25.0 22.4 25.7 23.4 32.8 19.3 15.5 20.7 1983 26.0 22.7 23.3 24.2 30.8 19.6 16.2 21.4 1984 26.5 23.2 22.6 24.0 31.0 20.2 17.1 24.6 1985 27.3 24.2 23.0 23.5 31.7 21.1 17.2 22.3 1986 25.4 25.0 23.9 22.9 31.3 22.1 17.1 23.3 1987 25.9 26.6 24.9 22.6 32.7 21.5 18.2 23.2 1988 28.6 27.7 26.4 23.5 35.4 22.0 20.3 22.9 1989 28.0 28.9 27.4 24.7 37.4 23.3 20.6 23.3 1990 24.6 27.4 28.1 25.3 39.3 23.2 19.5 22.9 1991 22.4 27.8 26.8 25.2 38.8 22.2 17.3 21.0 1992 22.9 26.8 25.4 24.4 37.5 21.8 17.6 21.8 3. Producer Durables Investment Rate Reference: Jones, C.I. (1995), Time series tests of endogenous growth models, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110:495-525. Website: www.stanford.edu/~chadj YEAR AUS CAN FRA DEU JPN NLD GBR USA 1950 8.61 2.94 4.56 4.67 2.87 6.79 4.92 4.61 1951 10.04 3.13 4.56 4.76 3.95 6.33 4.93 4.57 1952 6.36 3.14 4.20 4.66 3.14 5.64 4.60 4.33 1953 7.47 3.20 4.15 4.79 3.43 5.94 4.60 4.45 1954 8.24 2.89 4.22 5.17 3.45 6.98 4.88 4.21 1955 8.25 2.75 4.62 5.65 3.17 7.94 5.11 4.41 1956 7.35 3.20 4.91 5.61 3.64 8.68 5.29 4.45 1957 7.51 3.17 5.26 5.26 4.09 9.02 5.63 4.47 1958 8.05 2.64 5.28 5.40 3.96 7.48 5.65 3.89 1959 8.16 2.65 5.63 5.61 4.23 7.97 5.69 4.07 1960 8.78 2.66 5.77 6.40 4.96 8.59 5.93 4.10 1961 9.08 2.44 6.21 6.82 5.92 9.00 6.21 3.96 1962 8.98 2.45 6.37 7.07 5.72 9.24 5.87 4.17 1963 9.29 2.50 6.47 6.94 5.45 8.92 5.85 4.33 1964 10.05 2.75 6.53 6.99 5.79 8.68 6.33 4.60 1965 10.51 3.02 6.55 7.10 5.16 8.77 6.52 5.06 1966 10.19 3.38 6.80 6.87 5.19 9.28 6.60 5.41 1967 10.18 3.33 6.63 6.44 5.92 9.06 6.80 5.18 1968 9.62 2.98 6.91 6.47 6.69 9.64 6.83 5.18 1969 9.60 3.04 7.50 7.38 7.21 9.09 5.99 5.33 1970 9.45 3.03 7.50 8.18 7.62 10.12 7.05 5.10 1971 9.18 2.97 7.94 8.38 7.42 9.83 6.89 4.92 1972 8.88 3.28 8.22 7.91 7.30 9.24 6.60 5.16 1973 8.71 3.69 8.55 7.57 7.78 9.19 6.90 5.79 1974 8.33 4.00 8.22 6.73 6.98 8.45 7.12 5.94 1975 8.54 3.89 7.76 6.88 6.38 7.37 6.72 5.39 1976 7.97 3.85 8.27 6.89 6.23 6.69 6.65 5.33 1977 8.11 3.50 7.98 7.23 6.20 7.52 6.74 5.88 1978 8.75 3.78 7.89 7.57 6.48 7.63 6.97 6.28 1979 8.31 4.19 7.97 8.01 6.93 7.50 7.24 6.48 1980 9.14 5.01 8.36 8.08 6.91 6.89 7.05 6.18 1981 9.68 5.70 8.07 7.68 7.22 6.16 6.37 6.13 1982 8.84 5.11 7.94 7.26 7.37 6.27 6.36 5.79 1983 9.46 4.57 7.66 7.53 7.55 6.83 6.41 5.96 1984 9.55 4.76 7.44 7.28 8.30 7.10 6.97 6.69 1985 9.57 5.00 7.82 7.88 9.16 8.03 7.40 7.16 1986 9.23 5.17 7.85 7.98 9.35 8.78 7.05 6.92 1987 9.16 5.71 8.04 8.18 9.83 8.70 7.21 7.12 1988 10.06 6.89 8.48 8.48 10.89 9.08 8.31 7.64 4. GDP Per Capita in 1990 Geary-Khamis dollars Reference: Maddison, A. (1995), Monitoring the World Economy: 1820-1992, The Development Centre, Paris, France (Table D). Year AUS CAN FRA DEU IND JPN KOR NLD OAN GBR USA 1870 3801 1620 1858 1913 558 741 NaN 2640 NaN 3263 2457 1871 3533 1662 1881 1891 NaN NaN NaN 2655 NaN 3421 2508 1872 3807 1616 2059 2011 NaN NaN NaN 2677 NaN 3394 2545 1873 4096 1745 1904 2082 NaN NaN NaN 2588 NaN 3441 2604 1874 4108 1756 2137 2213 NaN NaN NaN 2679 NaN 3463 2531 1875 4433 1690 2198 2198 NaN NaN NaN 2829 NaN 3511 2599 1876 4293 1555 2009 2159 NaN NaN NaN 2771 NaN 3508 2574 1877 4324 1637 2107 2120 NaN NaN NaN 2958 NaN 3503 2594 1878 4582 1551 2071 2194 NaN NaN NaN 3134 NaN 3479 2646 1879 4504 1673 1935 2117 NaN NaN NaN 2867 NaN 3428 2915 1880 4590 1721 2100 2078 NaN NaN NaN 3120 NaN 3556 3193 1881 4772 1932 2173 2114 NaN NaN NaN 3012 NaN 3649 3223 1882 4352 1998 2267 2134 NaN NaN NaN 3023 NaN 3725 3341 1883 4794 1981 2266 2237 NaN NaN NaN 3447 NaN 3726 3338 1884 4610 2114 2232 2274 NaN NaN NaN 3337 NaN 3704 3326 1885 4737 1964 2187 2314 NaN 818 NaN 3401 NaN 3654 3269 1886 4638 1966 2216 2310 NaN 883 NaN 3406 NaN 3681 3295 1887 4962 2009 2228 2377 NaN 913 NaN 3437 NaN 3797 3372 1888 4825 2131 2248 2447 NaN 866 NaN 3205 NaN 3936 3284 1889 5085 2122 2301 2488 NaN 901 NaN 3433 NaN 4115 3416 1890 4775 2254 2354 2539 608 974 NaN 3113 NaN 4099 3396 1891 4999 2282 2409 2508 NaN 920 NaN 3228 NaN 4065 3471 1892 4280 2246 2469 2585 NaN 974 NaN 3414 NaN 3933 3732 1893 3972 2211 2511 2686 NaN 970 NaN 3072 NaN 3897 3482 1894 4034 2293 2601 2721 NaN 1077 NaN 3376 NaN 4120 3318 1895 3735 2246 2545 2814 NaN 1081 NaN 3346 NaN 4211 3648 1896 3947 2168 2660 2872 NaN 1011 NaN 3434 NaN 4345 3509 1897 3663 2380 2614 2909 NaN 1022 NaN 3726 NaN 4360 3774 1898 4168 2448 2734 2987 NaN 1201 NaN 3690 NaN 4528 3784 1899 4113 2649 2884 3049 NaN 1100 NaN 3703 NaN 4670 4056 1900 4299 2758 2849 3134 625 1135 850 3533 759 4593 4096 1901 4112 2934 2800 3016 625 1161 NaN 3400 NaN 4551 4469 1902 4095 3156 2749 3040 666 1086 NaN 3516 NaN 4628 4426 1903 4367 3159 2804 3162 659 1147 NaN 3556 770 4540 4556 1904 4600 3107 2820 3242 636 1143 NaN 3471 712 4528 4415 1905 4587 3375 2867 3265 623 1113 NaN 3535 712 4623 4648 1906 4828 3644 2915 3317 663 1248 NaN 3653 778 4736 5085 1907 4945 3671 3041 3416 604 1275 NaN 3616 772 4784 5071 1908 5027 3385 3016 3427 632 1268 NaN 3564 764 4550 4566 1909 5335 3647 3137 3449 690 1251 NaN 3689 828 4612 5023 1910 5581 3852 2937 3527 688 1254 NaN 3684 958 4715 4970 1911 5467 3991 3219 3602 671 1304 898 3739 882 4815 5052 1912 5404 4147 3481 3715 681 1332 904 3892 787 4868 5207 1913 5505 4213 3452 3833 663 1334 948 3950 794 5032 5307 1914 4966 3814 3206 3227 683 1276 996 3774 798 5038 4805 1915 4639 4011 3217 3038 691 1375 1116 3830 804 5408 4870 1916 4981 4402 3431 3098 719 1568 1120 3860 943 5506 5465 1917 5099 4549 2951 3118 718 1602 1180 3539 1016 5544 5254 1918 5042 4207 2373 3151 620 1605 1256 3271 948 5583 5666 1919 4840 3808 2785 2763 704 1758 1213 4022 998 4980 5687 1920 5047 3659 3196 2986 629 1631 1167 4117 921 4651 5559 1921 5438 3181 3046 3288 679 1789 1219 4324 902 4238 5329 1922 5366 3594 3576 3558 684 1762 1176 4488 950 4427 5546 1923 5357 3767 3718 2937 659 1741 1191 4523 962 4545 6171 1924 5646 3768 4140 3417 662 1767 1185 4777 1034 4698 6240 1925 5712 4112 4127 3772 655 1814 1175 4909 1041 4912 6290 1926 5528 4261 4209 3592 664 1801 1199 5228 1023 4713 6610 1927 5404 4593 4115 4235 652 1799 1251 5371 995 5075 6584 1928 5220 4900 4390 4308 658 1917 1205 5581 1082 5115 6577 1929 5095 4799 4666 4335 665 1949 1164 5551 1107 5255 6907 1930 4792 4558 4489 4049 654 1780 1173 5467 1112 5195 6220 1931 4534 3793 4195 3618 643 1768 1137 5059 1072 4906 5698 1932 4667 3479 3922 3267 642 1887 1165 4913 1213 4916 4914 1933 4895 3193 4199 3591 649 2042 1311 4836 1109 5039 4783 1934 5044 3497 4152 3846 635 2019 1275 4688 1161 5354 5120 1935 5212 3743 4047 4165 632 2040 1420 4810 1290 5537 5473 1936 5419 3908 4204 4571 655 2159 1498 5064 1293 5762 6211 1937 5680 4239 4444 4809 651 2227 1681 5301 1291 5937 6438 1938 5670 4307 4424 5126 619 2356 1649 5122 1320 5983 6134 1939 5631 4518 4748 5549 643 2709 1460 5409 1409 5979 6568 1940 5940 5086 4004 5545 650 2765 1618 4714 1365 6546 7018 1941 6539 5733 3278 5862 637 2764 1649 4421 1458 7143 8215 1942 7230 6664 2953 5892 658 2711 1600 4007 1522 7294 9753 1943 7420 6881 2833 6046 696 2714 1607 3884 1011 7394 11532 1944 7092 7052 2399 6249 675 2558 1484 2585 693 7071 12348 1945 6663 6758 2549 4326 665 1295 687 2621 748 6737 11722 1946 6353 6567 3819 2503 636 1389 694 4348 809 6440 9207 1947 6420 6716 4099 2763 641 1482 727 4925 903 6306 8896 1948 6711 6694 4352 3187 602 1660 777 5357 926 6441 9075 1949 6971 6693 4900 3642 604 1731 828 5738 922 6641 8954 1950 7218 7047 5221 4281 597 1873 876 5850 922 6847 9573 1951 7311 7282 5500 4651 605 2072 808 5886 943 7022 10338 1952 7193 7573 5606 5046 609 2277 855 5936 1020 6987 10596 1953 7260 7718 5728 5438 635 2412 1093 6383 1080 7242 10810 1954 7561 7445 5963 5797 655 2511 1153 6739 1143 7509 10549 1955 7797 7929 6252 6431 665 2695 1197 7148 1191 7759 10948 1956 7877 8361 6506 6839 688 2868 1177 7317 1212 7823 10970 1957 7852 8318 6825 7154 673 3051 1237 7429 1262 7913 10981 1958 8060 8248 6922 7377 707 3200 1281 7300 1304 7864 10746 1959 8374 8385 7049 7867 713 3459 1305 7549 1359 8137 11145 1960 8539 8459 7472 8463 735 3879 1302 8085 1399 8571 11193 1961 8320 9606 7801 8729 746 4307 1327 8002 1450 8780 11285 1962 8691 8993 8174 9023 753 4647 1348 8429 1518 8789 11796 1963 9086 9282 8465 9184 783 4990 1426 8618 1612 9070 12137 1964 9473 9717 8923 9697 823 5514 1508 9208 1757 9486 12687 1965 9805 10173 9264 10104 785 5771 1578 9560 1899 9668 13316 1966 9859 10665 9668 10299 767 6327 1738 9695 2013 9800 14017 1967 10363 10802 10041 10243 808 6954 1771 10090 2174 9962 14225 1968 10778 11185 10391 10772 818 7757 1884 10625 2317 10320 14719 1969 11193 11615 11031 11465 853 8625 2078 11180 2468 10487 15028 1970 11637 11758 11558 11933 878 9448 2208 11670 2692 10694 14854 1971 11798 12280 11994 12161 873 9726 2389 12020 2978 10852 15158 1972 12035 12829 12374 12603 847 10378 2504 12292 3313 11194 15846 1973 12485 13644 12940 13152 853 11017 2840 12763 3669 11992 16607 1974 12480 14017 13205 13171 844 10800 3021 13166 3645 11787 16362 1975 12671 14158 13101 13034 900 10973 3131 13037 3755 11701 16060 1976 13012 14901 13626 13797 897 11309 3475 13596 4189 12023 16773 1977 12993 15242 14045 14219 941 11727 3792 13830 4524 12308 17461 1978 13223 15717 14456 14664 972 12186 4124 14082 5044 12742 18168 1979 13670 16246 14850 15257 900 12754 4350 14317 5352 13087 18489 1980 13805 16280 14979 15370 938 13113 4103 14326 5634 12777 18270 1981 14089 16676 15075 15355 978 13484 4318 14129 5871 12599 18569 1982 13771 15983 15337 15223 994 13817 4553 13865 5971 12826 18027 1983 13736 16362 15388 15545 1045 14093 4991 14008 6372 13299 18547 1984 14559 17271 15553 16047 1065 14602 5431 14393 6944 13603 19597 1985 15008 17954 15773 16412 1096 15237 5777 14704 7187 14046 20050 1986 15260 18399 16086 16786 1127 15542 6426 15024 7932 14614 20426 1987 15597 18960 16366 17032 1158 16101 7107 15104 8817 15265 20880 1988 16115 19676 16985 17559 1246 17028 7829 15400 9357 15988 21463 1989 16452 19901 17457 18015 1296 17757 8294 16024 9955 16288 21783 1990 16417 19599 17777 18685 1316 18548 8977 16569 10324 16302 21866 1991 16204 18982 17755 19339 1360 19240 9645 16784 10957 15867 21366 1992 16237 18159 17959 19351 1348 19425 10010 16898 11590 15738 21558 1993 16627 18300 17680 18856 NaN 19379 NaN 16845 NaN 15915 21972 1994 17107 18350 17968 19097 NaN 19505 NaN 17152 NaN 16371 22569 5. Gross Fixed Domestic Investment as a % of GDP References: Maddison, A. (1992), A Long-Run Perspective on Saving, Scandinavian Journal of Economics 94(2):181-96. Maddison, A. (1991), Statistical Appendix to: A Long-Run Perspective on Saving, Research Memorandum 443, University of Groningen. Year AUS CAN FRA DEU IND JPN KOR NLD OAN GBR USA 1870 10.5 15.4 10.2 NaN 5.8 NaN NaN NaN NaN 11.0 22.1 1871 9.9 15.1 9.2 NaN 4.3 NaN NaN NaN NaN 8.7 23.6 1872 12.5 17.2 12.1 NaN 5.1 NaN NaN NaN NaN 7.6 25.2 1873 12.0 17.1 11.2 NaN 5.5 NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.0 19.8 1874 13.7 18.7 13.3 NaN 4.0 NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.1 18.4 1875 15.4 18.5 12.0 NaN 5.5 NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.9 16.9 1876 16.1 16.3 9.9 NaN 4.4 NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.1 18.1 1877 20.2 13.8 12.0 NaN 3.5 NaN NaN NaN NaN 7.4 23.9 1878 17.3 13.1 11.6 NaN 3.3 NaN NaN NaN NaN 12.8 17.7 1879 15.5 12.2 12.0 NaN 3.7 NaN NaN NaN NaN 3.9 17.4 1880 16.9 13.3 15.7 NaN 4.2 NaN NaN NaN NaN 14.8 17.8 1881 20.4 13.2 16.5 NaN 4.9 NaN NaN NaN NaN 8.2 20.7 1882 17.2 16.8 15.4 NaN 5.6 NaN NaN NaN NaN 7.8 20.9 1883 17.9 19.2 14.6 NaN 5.9 NaN NaN NaN NaN 10.9 18.2 1884 19.4 21.6 14.8 NaN 5.3 NaN NaN NaN NaN 9.6 17.8 1885 17.8 15.2 13.7 NaN 6.1 11.1 NaN NaN NaN 7.8 19.6 1886 20.8 14.7 12.3 NaN 6.0 11.9 NaN NaN NaN 8.0 18.8 1887 19.2 15.6 13.5 NaN 5.9 11.6 NaN NaN NaN 7.7 21.1 1888 20.1 16.2 12.8 NaN 6.1 14.8 NaN NaN NaN 6.5 18.7 1889 17.8 16.4 13.5 NaN 6.2 14.0 NaN NaN NaN 8.6 19.1 1890 16.2 13.8 13.7 NaN 6.1 13.7 NaN NaN NaN 8.3 20.9 1891 18.6 14.4 13.4 NaN 5.9 13.3 NaN NaN NaN 7.7 18.0 1892 13.0 13.3 13.6 NaN 8.3 13.0 NaN NaN NaN 8.0 18.5 1893 10.6 12.9 13.4 NaN 6.2 13.2 NaN NaN NaN 6.7 16.5 1894 11.3 10.9 14.0 NaN 6.4 14.5 NaN NaN NaN 10.2 16.3 1895 10.5 11.8 14.1 NaN 7.0 14.7 NaN NaN NaN 8.9 17.8 1896 12.3 11.0 13.8 NaN 7.8 17.2 NaN NaN NaN 10.3 17.6 1897 9.5 12.0 13.0 NaN 6.9 17.9 NaN NaN NaN 8.3 18.1 1898 12.1 14.8 14.9 NaN 6.5 16.6 NaN NaN NaN 11.4 16.4 1899 12.1 14.7 16.1 NaN 7.5 13.5 NaN NaN NaN 12.2 18.4 1900 13.1 14.8 16.0 NaN 5.8 13.6 NaN NaN NaN 9.4 16.6 1901 18.3 17.5 13.6 NaN 4.5 13.5 NaN NaN NaN 12.8 17.6 1902 12.6 17.9 13.5 NaN 7.4 12.0 NaN NaN NaN 10.9 17.8 1903 16.3 20.9 14.1 NaN 5.5 12.3 NaN NaN 4.7 9.6 18.3 1904 10.6 22.1 13.8 NaN 4.1 10.0 NaN NaN 5.3 10.1 16.7 1905 13.6 22.1 13.6 NaN 6.4 14.1 NaN NaN 4.8 10.8 19.0 1906 16.6 22.7 12.2 NaN 6.0 14.0 NaN NaN 4.9 9.3 19.8 1907 13.3 25.0 14.8 NaN 3.6 14.8 NaN NaN 10.8 7.8 18.6 1908 16.1 25.5 14.1 NaN 7.9 15.2 NaN NaN 13.6 6.5 15.2 1909 17.5 24.9 13.8 NaN 6.8 13.8 NaN NaN 7.8 8.2 19.1 1910 16.7 28.3 12.8 NaN 5.5 15.6 NaN NaN 10.4 7.1 18.3 1911 16.8 29.7 15.1 NaN 4.9 17.3 4.6 NaN 11.3 7.5 16.8 1912 21.6 32.5 15.5 NaN 5.4 16.1 5.7 NaN 12.1 6.7 17.9 1913 19.4 31.2 14.8 NaN 5.8 15.4 4.5 NaN 9.5 8.8 17.7 1914 11.6 25.3 NaN NaN 6.1 15.0 4.5 NaN 7.8 7.9 14.4 1915 16.3 16.4 NaN NaN 6.5 14.2 3.8 NaN 7.9 5.4 14.0 1916 10.2 14.7 NaN NaN 6.2 15.5 4.0 NaN 10.1 -0.1 16.7 1917 10.1 14.2 NaN NaN 5.7 19.5 4.9 NaN 13.9 3.2 13.9 1918 13.6 12.3 NaN NaN 2.2 20.9 5.8 NaN 17.0 7.3 11.8 1919 12.5 14.5 NaN NaN 7.3 17.1 4.5 NaN 16.9 6.0 17.7 1920 26.3 16.0 NaN NaN 6.3 20.3 4.2 NaN 26.2 6.5 21.3 1921 20.5 17.1 NaN NaN 8.4 16.4 4.8 18.1 22.4 6.3 13.5 1922 20.6 15.0 13.9 NaN 8.7 16.8 5.7 13.5 15.4 3.9 16.8 1923 20.5 18.0 14.0 NaN 5.5 15.2 5.0 12.3 14.4 4.8 21.2 1924 21.7 16.0 16.7 NaN 6.5 17.6 3.8 15.2 11.1 7.1 16.6 1925 16.7 14.6 15.2 18.3 6.2 15.2 4.7 17.2 12.9 10.8 20.6 1926 19.4 14.5 17.4 11.7 6.7 16.7 4.5 19.1 12.7 8.9 20.0 1927 18.8 21.5 14.7 20.9 8.0 16.5 6.2 18.1 15.5 9.4 18.6 1928 18.0 21.5 17.5 18.3 7.5 15.2 7.2 19.7 16.1 7.6 17.2 1929 16.4 22.2 18.3 12.8 8.3 16.1 8.2 21.2 17.6 9.1 18.2 1930 12.6 20.5 20.8 7.9 8.8 14.6 8.4 17.9 15.6 10.0 14.5 1931 9.6 14.7 19.1 1.9 7.6 13.3 6.8 13.2 15.8 8.6 11.2 1932 10.9 8.3 16.4 4.1 7.9 12.4 7.7 10.2 15.5 7.6 5.2 1933 12.2 5.8 15.7 9.5 9.1 13.5 7.4 11.2 17.3 6.8 5.6 1934 13.5 10.1 14.6 13.9 9.2 14.5 8.7 9.9 17.5 9.7 8.7 1935 13.4 11.2 14.7 13.5 9.1 15.7 10.8 10.1 18.8 9.3 12.0 1936 14.8 9.6 15.3 15.7 8.6 16.1 13.4 11.4 17.1 10.5 14.6 1937 18.9 14.1 15.6 16.5 10.2 17.8 13.8 14.8 16.2 12.0 16.3 1938 16.2 13.9 13.4 17.0 8.8 18.3 16.5 13.6 17.7 12.2 12.2 1939 18.5 16.5 NaN 13.4 10.6 19.9 NaN 18.8 NaN 10.6 14.4 1940 12.4 15.8 NaN NaN 9.1 20.4 NaN NaN NaN 9.0 16.2 1941 8.9 13.8 NaN NaN 9.6 26.3 NaN NaN NaN 5.9 17.8 1942 3.2 11.4 NaN NaN 6.7 27.1 NaN NaN NaN 2.6 12.7 1943 3.0 6.7 NaN NaN 5.2 25.0 NaN NaN NaN 3.7 8.7 1944 3.9 6.8 NaN NaN 6.9 27.8 NaN NaN NaN 0.1 7.0 1945 12.9 7.3 NaN NaN 7.3 NaN NaN NaN NaN 1.3 7.4 1946 19.5 15.3 NaN NaN 7.2 22.3 NaN NaN NaN 5.6 15.9 1947 20.9 19.2 NaN NaN 7.1 26.3 NaN NaN NaN 11.9 16.3 1948 19.4 19.7 NaN NaN 8.4 28.2 NaN NaN NaN 12.8 20.0 1949 21.9 20.4 NaN NaN 9.8 24.6 NaN NaN NaN 12.5 16.4 1950 24.3 23.3 19.1 22.3 10.2 25.5 NaN 26.8 NaN 11.0 21.7 1951 31.8 23.7 18.8 21.8 11.9 30.6 NaN 24.7 14.6 16.8 20.9 1952 19.9 22.3 18.4 22.5 7.9 26.7 NaN 17.5 15.4 13.7 18.5 1953 24.8 24.2 16.8 21.1 8.6 24.1 16.1 20.4 14.1 14.5 18.0 1954 26.2 20.8 17.8 22.5 10.7 23.5 11.8 25.2 16.1 14.5 17.8 1955 26.9 23.1 18.4 25.5 14.3 24.7 12.0 25.2 13.4 16.3 20.1 1956 23.2 27.6 20.0 24.6 16.0 28.8 9.5 27.5 16.1 16.2 20.0 1957 25.1 26.0 20.8 24.0 14.7 33.3 15.4 28.5 15.9 16.3 19.0 1958 26.3 23.3 21.1 23.4 12.7 27.7 13.0 23.1 16.7 15.7 17.6 1959 26.1 24.2 22.5 24.8 13.5 29.7 10.8 24.4 18.9 15.6 19.1 1960 27.5 23.6 23.6 27.4 15.7 32.9 11.0 27.0 20.3 17.9 18.2 1961 23.2 21.8 23.7 27.2 14.2 36.9 13.2 27.2 20.1 17.9 17.5 1962 26.1 22.5 24.4 27.3 15.8 34.2 13.2 25.9 17.8 16.6 18.2 1963 25.5 22.6 24.4 26.2 15.4 33.7 18.6 24.8 18.4 17.0 18.3 1964 29.1 23.6 26.1 28.1 15.1 34.6 14.7 28.2 18.8 20.0 18.4 1965 27.6 26.2 25.7 28.4 16.8 31.8 15.3 26.8 22.8 19.5 19.5 1966 27.4 26.9 26.6 26.5 18.4 32.4 22.0 27.4 21.3 19.2 19.5 1967 26.6 24.0 26.5 23.0 15.4 35.3 22.5 27.2 24.7 19.6 18.6 1968 28.6 23.0 25.9 24.5 13.9 36.7 27.2 27.4 25.2 20.6 18.7 1969 27.1 23.8 26.9 26.2 15.6 37.6 30.1 26.7 24.6 19.5 19.0 1970 27.2 21.7 26.9 27.6 16.6 39.1 25.0 27.9 25.7 19.0 17.4 1971 25.8 22.7 26.2 26.7 17.2 35.7 25.2 26.5 26.4 18.6 18.5 1972 23.9 22.9 26.3 25.9 16.0 35.6 21.3 24.1 25.8 17.8 19.2 1973 26.4 24.3 27.2 25.3 19.0 38.0 25.4 24.6 29.3 21.1 19.8 1974 25.0 26.1 28.1 22.1 18.3 37.3 32.0 24.2 39.6 21.4 19.1 1975 24.3 25.4 23.4 19.9 18.9 32.8 28.7 20.7 30.6 18.0 16.4 1976 25.3 25.0 25.4 21.6 19.7 31.9 26.7 20.7 30.8 20.0 17.9 1977 23.4 24.1 24.2 21.1 19.6 30.8 28.5 21.6 28.1 19.4 19.6 1978 25.2 23.2 23.2 21.2 23.3 30.9 33.0 21.9 28.2 19.2 20.8 1979 24.2 25.0 23.7 23.5 22.1 32.5 36.0 21.5 32.9 19.6 20.8 1980 25.6 23.6 24.2 23.6 22.7 32.2 31.7 21.5 33.8 16.7 18.9 1981 27.5 24.7 21.9 21.0 22.6 31.2 29.5 18.3 29.9 15.0 19.6 1982 22.7 19.2 21.9 19.8 20.8 30.1 28.5 17.9 25.3 15.5 16.7 1983 23.7 19.5 19.9 20.4 20.7 28.3 28.8 18.3 23.5 16.4 16.6 1984 24.3 20.3 19.0 20.6 20.1 28.2 29.8 19.0 22.2 17.2 19.8 1985 25.6 20.4 18.9 19.7 22.8 28.5 29.3 19.8 19.0 17.1 18.8 1986 23.9 20.8 19.6 19.6 21.7 30.6 28.4 19.7 17.5 16.9 18.1 1987 24.3 21.8 20.0 19.6 21.7 29.1 29.4 19.1 20.5 17.9 18.0 1988 26.8 22.4 21.0 20.6 NaN 31.0 30.6 20.1 23.3 20.0 17.4 1989 NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 34.5 NaN 22.4 19.6 17.0 6. Real GDP per Worker (1985 international prices) RGDPW from Penn World Table, version 5.6 Real Investment share of GDP [%] (current international prices) CI from Penn World Table, version 5.6 Reference: Summers, R. and A. Heston (1991), The Penn World Table (Mark 5): An expanded set of international comparisons, 1950-1988, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106:327-368. Website: www.nber.org RGDPW RGDPW CI ---> 1960 1985 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 ALGERIA 6517 13434 25.7 28.6 22.5 17.4 13.5 13.5 10.3 13.9 18.4 22.2 26.5 25.0 24.2 28.8 28.8 31.1 29.0 32.5 38.6 29.7 27.2 26.4 26.2 25.9 25.9 26.0 ANGOLA 1935 1742 3.7 3.2 2.7 2.3 2.7 3.0 3.1 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.8 5.1 5.2 4.6 3.8 2.8 3.2 3.4 3.8 3.9 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 BENIN 1969 2391 2.4 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.6 1.6 2.2 2.6 2.9 2.1 2.0 2.8 2.7 4.1 4.3 4.5 3.9 3.7 5.0 6.3 6.6 10.4 5.8 4.0 5.0 BOTSWANA 1224 6792 5.3 6.3 7.5 8.3 10.3 3.5 13.0 14.3 19.2 10.9 26.4 33.5 37.7 38.0 34.6 30.1 25.4 18.8 23.2 24.1 26.3 27.9 28.9 20.1 18.8 20.8 BURKINA_FASO 776 940 2.5 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.2 4.8 4.7 3.9 3.9 4.8 5.5 7.6 9.5 11.2 11.9 11.3 10.4 9.0 9.6 7.7 7.7 7.0 8.1 7.2 7.4 12.3 BURUNDI 1062 986 1.4 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.5 2.8 3.3 4.3 1.4 2.7 4.8 3.4 4.7 5.8 7.4 7.4 7.2 8.1 6.7 11.3 9.0 6.9 CAMEROON 1348 3869 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 6.1 5.2 5.8 5.4 5.0 4.6 6.2 7.3 7.7 8.0 6.5 8.0 7.1 8.9 12.3 10.8 10.2 12.8 12.7 12.3 10.7 10.7 CAPE_VERDE_IS. 1385 2829 33.8 31.5 25.7 17.4 16.5 18.8 20.3 13.0 15.9 21.0 23.4 22.8 22.4 27.1 31.2 25.2 34.5 41.9 33.8 41.9 32.4 33.8 37.1 33.0 28.8 28.5 CENTRAL_AFR.R. 1166 1266 7.6 8.6 9.2 8.9 9.2 9.1 9.0 10.5 7.1 7.2 7.5 7.7 7.6 8.0 5.3 4.7 4.4 4.0 3.8 3.4 2.4 3.1 4.1 6.6 6.6 6.7 CHAD 1927 1146 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.9 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.6 3.2 3.2 2.8 -0.6 3.7 4.5 3.4 3.8 3.0 3.1 2.5 1.6 0.5 0.6 1.0 1.4 COMOROS 1084 1400 8.3 7.6 11.3 9.3 10.9 12.9 13.6 12.2 9.9 9.6 14.9 13.8 16.4 17.2 17.4 16.2 11.2 11.4 13.3 16.4 24.5 18.7 19.5 18.3 22.6 17.7 CONGO 2494 6878 17.6 22.6 13.6 8.9 8.1 9.0 12.1 13.6 14.3 12.2 7.4 8.3 9.6 10.6 12.0 15.6 11.0 9.4 7.0 7.2 8.9 15.2 14.2 11.5 9.1 9.0 EGYPT 2796 7142 3.8 3.9 4.2 4.7 4.0 4.4 3.6 3.0 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.9 4.3 6.1 5.6 6.0 6.4 6.7 5.9 5.9 6.5 6.1 6.2 6.5 ETHIOPIA 538 705 5.4 5.4 5.5 5.5 5.1 5.0 5.4 6.3 6.1 5.5 4.8 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.4 4.4 5.4 5.2 3.0 3.5 3.8 4.1 4.7 4.6 4.8 3.8 GABON 3535 9672 25.7 27.5 25.2 17.7 15.5 14.6 18.0 14.8 18.7 19.3 19.0 19.3 21.8 22.7 41.1 49.6 56.4 47.0 18.9 21.3 17.0 26.1 26.2 23.9 25.2 29.4 GAMBIA 1142 1609 1.9 1.8 2.4 1.6 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.0 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.8 1.6 1.8 4.9 4.1 5.0 8.7 7.6 8.2 9.7 9.1 9.1 8.3 5.9 GHANA 2044 2237 10.6 8.2 7.8 8.9 10.5 10.4 8.7 6.4 5.2 5.7 7.0 7.5 4.3 5.0 6.5 6.4 5.3 7.0 4.2 4.7 4.0 3.7 3.3 3.2 3.4 4.2 GUINEA 928 1583 6.3 7.4 9.1 5.7 6.8 7.5 8.6 7.4 7.2 7.0 7.8 7.1 8.0 8.4 8.0 7.6 6.2 4.6 5.3 5.8 5.4 5.5 5.8 5.2 5.0 4.6 GUINEA-BISS 927 1354 25.4 23.5 23.8 19.0 18.8 15.7 17.2 16.8 15.8 16.4 30.5 23.6 17.8 14.6 10.9 11.1 11.8 16.0 20.0 27.4 22.1 13.7 15.6 15.0 14.7 15.5 IVORY_COAST 2028 3740 8.0 9.2 6.3 7.9 9.8 9.3 9.4 8.5 8.4 9.8 11.3 11.0 10.1 11.8 11.0 10.7 11.4 14.2 15.4 14.3 13.6 12.5 11.5 8.4 3.3 6.7 KENYA 1451 2014 21.0 14.4 12.3 13.6 11.0 11.4 13.7 14.6 14.9 14.9 23.8 18.6 15.0 18.6 16.7 11.5 12.6 15.1 17.8 12.8 17.3 16.8 12.6 10.7 10.6 13.8 LESOTHO 576 2028 1.1 2.1 3.8 4.6 5.3 6.3 5.8 6.2 5.7 5.7 7.2 8.1 7.8 9.9 8.8 9.8 13.3 17.8 14.0 17.6 21.4 19.7 20.9 12.5 13.8 16.8 LIBERIA 1705 2312 16.1 26.1 36.1 24.7 15.6 12.0 9.8 9.7 9.7 9.5 9.6 7.8 13.9 5.3 6.7 13.1 12.1 11.3 10.6 11.7 11.6 6.6 5.8 4.4 3.7 3.1 MADAGASCAR 2339 1707 1.3 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 MALAWI 765 1171 6.3 7.4 5.1 5.9 4.2 7.3 9.5 6.2 8.0 9.4 16.3 11.8 15.0 10.6 13.6 16.6 13.1 12.5 19.9 14.5 12.0 8.5 10.5 11.4 5.9 8.4 MALI 1506 1686 2.9 2.9 3.2 3.6 6.1 4.7 5.8 5.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.4 6.0 5.9 4.7 5.8 5.0 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.7 6.1 5.4 4.4 4.7 6.0 MAURITANIA 2128 2674 13.5 23.0 25.4 16.4 4.7 5.7 5.7 9.4 12.9 9.9 14.0 14.5 19.6 5.1 9.2 19.1 20.2 19.6 17.1 15.4 24.0 26.7 28.5 10.1 14.4 17.0 MAURITIUS 5974 7474 16.4 10.5 10.2 9.6 10.7 9.2 7.9 7.8 5.7 8.3 6.4 9.0 9.7 16.3 14.2 13.2 12.1 11.2 11.8 12.1 7.6 9.2 7.7 7.3 8.3 8.6 MOROCCO 2835 6427 7.5 5.4 6.6 6.6 5.8 6.1 5.9 7.8 9.8 6.7 10.1 10.6 8.4 8.4 9.7 14.7 15.4 17.1 12.2 11.7 11.6 11.8 12.6 10.3 10.6 10.4 MOZAMBIQUE 1905 1417 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.2 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 NAMIBIA 4900 8465 21.7 21.2 20.7 20.4 19.4 20.4 23.4 25.3 26.8 28.0 33.1 36.2 38.1 36.2 42.4 40.2 41.4 41.8 44.3 43.8 22.3 19.5 13.3 9.9 9.9 8.7 NIGER 902 1098 8.1 8.0 10.7 12.2 10.7 8.3 8.0 7.9 8.5 5.6 7.6 5.5 7.8 15.5 11.7 11.8 11.9 11.8 14.2 14.4 13.0 12.3 9.5 8.8 0.7 7.6 NIGERIA 1320 2874 8.6 9.8 9.0 9.1 10.1 13.3 13.1 12.8 10.7 9.6 14.8 16.5 17.9 19.4 15.4 23.0 29.1 25.2 17.9 16.6 15.9 15.5 12.8 10.8 8.5 7.7 REUNION 3669 7858 33.6 34.0 35.4 32.1 35.1 38.8 37.5 35.7 36.8 37.5 30.4 30.7 29.2 30.3 28.8 34.3 24.4 21.8 23.9 27.1 28.1 19.8 18.1 17.8 15.6 15.9 RWANDA 960 1539 1.5 1.6 1.9 1.9 2.3 2.8 2.8 2.2 2.5 2.1 2.2 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.2 4.1 4.1 4.4 4.2 3.1 4.3 3.6 5.1 4.0 5.6 7.0 SENEGAL 2164 2688 7.9 6.4 6.1 5.2 5.4 4.9 4.1 4.5 4.2 5.3 6.1 6.1 6.5 7.1 7.5 6.2 6.8 6.2 6.1 5.0 5.2 3.1 3.7 3.9 3.6 3.0 SEYCHELLES 2524 7058 5.1 6.4 6.9 7.1 7.5 8.3 7.8 7.1 6.9 12.1 20.3 18.4 33.0 26.7 24.0 22.7 23.4 22.7 22.0 21.9 22.4 20.3 23.9 13.6 14.9 15.4 SOMALIA 1900 1574 6.7 6.1 5.8 5.8 6.6 7.7 7.7 8.0 8.0 9.9 4.2 3.9 5.0 5.0 6.7 5.2 7.0 8.5 11.0 8.8 26.0 13.9 13.2 10.9 13.2 18.1 SOUTH_AFRICA 6306 9930 17.5 16.0 14.4 17.5 18.7 21.1 18.0 21.3 18.0 20.3 21.6 22.4 18.7 19.1 20.7 21.9 19.0 18.4 17.2 18.3 21.9 23.8 18.3 19.1 18.3 15.2 SWAZILAND 2495 5225 8.1 9.1 12.0 14.2 16.4 12.3 10.9 8.6 8.2 7.1 7.7 8.7 9.4 10.7 14.0 8.4 14.2 12.1 19.9 15.0 11.0 10.0 12.0 14.4 13.5 14.7 TANZANIA 579 975 6.5 7.4 6.2 5.6 7.5 8.5 8.8 9.7 9.7 8.7 12.7 14.1 11.5 10.9 11.3 10.1 11.1 12.8 11.2 11.6 11.8 12.2 12.0 8.8 10.6 12.3 TOGO 792 1516 9.0 6.3 7.6 11.1 18.1 19.1 13.4 10.1 9.3 10.6 12.5 16.5 17.1 17.5 12.8 26.7 17.1 28.7 32.9 34.0 19.3 19.0 15.9 13.3 12.3 14.2 TUNISIA 3931 8783 8.7 10.5 13.8 14.3 15.7 14.7 13.9 22.4 21.0 19.8 17.5 17.0 18.5 14.7 16.9 15.5 16.4 15.6 16.5 16.2 14.9 15.8 15.4 14.1 14.5 12.4 UGANDA 1206 1224 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.9 3.7 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.9 3.3 3.4 2.1 2.1 2.5 1.8 1.7 2.1 3.5 2.3 3.4 2.7 5.1 5.5 0.8 1.0 ZAIRE 1024 1136 1.9 1.6 0.8 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.8 3.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.6 3.9 7.8 3.3 5.7 7.8 6.2 4.7 5.5 5.8 6.4 ZAMBIA 2662 2399 29.3 28.1 25.8 21.1 16.4 20.4 23.1 24.7 23.1 15.8 24.1 28.4 27.2 23.8 29.2 30.2 15.8 16.2 16.7 8.7 14.7 12.9 10.8 8.4 8.3 8.8 ZIMBABWE 2241 3261 25.9 24.1 17.6 13.3 16.9 16.8 17.7 19.8 21.8 14.4 16.6 17.7 18.3 18.9 23.2 21.6 16.7 13.9 8.3 8.9 14.0 18.8 14.8 10.0 11.8 13.2 BARBADOS 6724 12212 12.0 10.5 9.9 10.0 10.0 10.5 10.1 10.3 12.6 11.4 12.9 12.0 10.9 11.4 11.9 10.4 15.7 10.3 12.9 12.3 14.4 14.9 12.6 14.1 11.3 11.6 CANADA 19484 31147 23.7 21.7 22.1 21.7 22.7 24.2 24.6 22.1 21.6 22.9 21.8 22.2 22.1 22.9 24.4 24.0 23.9 23.4 23.1 25.0 24.9 26.7 22.4 22.7 23.2 24.2 COSTA_RICA 6830 9148 13.0 12.6 13.9 15.2 11.2 16.7 12.8 12.9 12.0 13.4 14.5 17.2 14.8 16.7 18.2 15.9 18.6 20.0 19.3 20.7 22.2 14.5 11.6 14.6 14.9 15.9 DOMINICAN_REP. 4130 7082 8.1 5.9 8.2 10.6 12.3 6.5 9.9 10.1 9.9 12.2 14.3 15.1 14.8 17.3 19.3 21.1 19.1 19.2 19.9 21.8 19.8 17.4 14.2 14.6 15.8 15.1 EL_SALVADOR 4371 5547 9.2 7.7 6.9 7.2 9.6 8.3 8.9 7.4 5.5 6.1 6.8 8.0 6.9 8.4 10.7 9.3 9.1 11.4 11.9 9.5 7.2 7.5 7.2 6.4 6.4 5.9 GUATEMALA 5292 7358 7.9 6.5 6.3 7.7 8.8 8.6 7.2 8.3 9.9 7.4 8.6 9.5 7.6 8.6 11.3 9.4 11.9 11.9 12.9 11.0 9.3 10.6 9.0 7.5 7.8 6.5 HAITI 1673 2125 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.3 3.6 3.3 3.9 4.7 5.1 6.6 7.1 7.1 7.6 8.7 8.0 9.0 8.0 8.2 8.6 7.3 HONDURAS 3268 4652 11.3 9.5 11.7 12.8 12.1 12.0 12.9 15.8 14.8 15.1 15.2 12.1 11.1 13.2 18.5 14.1 13.0 15.4 18.0 18.5 16.3 13.6 9.0 9.5 11.3 11.7 JAMAICA 4338 4726 30.5 27.1 24.5 23.2 25.6 25.4 25.3 26.8 30.7 30.8 31.0 30.0 23.1 33.7 24.8 26.5 19.4 12.2 14.8 15.0 12.2 15.4 15.8 15.7 13.9 14.6 MEXICO 9517 17036 14.8 14.1 13.2 14.3 15.5 16.1 15.5 15.6 15.1 15.8 17.4 15.8 16.1 17.4 19.5 19.3 18.2 17.9 18.5 19.7 21.5 22.3 18.0 14.1 14.2 15.3 NICARAGUA 5124 5900 8.9 8.6 9.7 9.8 11.9 12.2 13.1 12.0 10.4 11.9 11.9 11.8 7.9 15.4 19.2 11.7 11.0 16.4 7.7 -4.9 11.6 17.3 14.2 14.0 14.0 13.9 PANAMA 4739 10039 16.5 18.1 18.4 18.9 16.5 16.7 20.3 19.4 20.4 21.9 24.6 26.8 28.6 28.9 27.7 26.5 26.1 18.2 20.7 22.1 22.8 24.3 21.7 17.0 14.7 15.2 PUERTO_RICO 11388 21842 25.9 29.5 27.6 28.7 32.6 30.3 29.6 28.8 29.3 31.0 31.5 32.3 32.4 27.1 23.7 26.8 22.5 16.1 17.3 16.4 17.6 14.7 9.4 9.9 13.3 12.1 TRINIDAD&TOBAGO 16901 25529 16.0 12.1 13.4 10.6 10.1 11.9 10.6 9.6 9.6 6.9 8.5 11.8 10.3 8.9 11.1 13.2 13.8 13.0 15.7 14.8 16.4 13.1 15.0 14.5 17.4 15.4 U.S.A. 24433 33783 22.8 21.6 22.4 22.8 22.9 23.8 23.7 22.5 22.3 22.7 21.5 22.8 22.9 24.1 23.4 20.0 21.7 23.5 24.8 24.6 22.5 23.2 20.7 21.4 24.6 22.3 ARGENTINA 11339 14955 17.8 17.3 16.4 13.8 15.6 15.2 14.0 14.1 14.9 17.0 18.3 19.2 18.8 17.2 17.0 17.5 18.9 21.6 18.9 19.1 19.9 17.3 15.9 14.9 13.8 12.3 BOLIVIA 3322 5623 18.3 13.8 20.3 19.6 19.6 20.5 19.4 17.8 22.5 20.7 20.8 22.0 26.2 21.4 20.1 29.5 24.3 24.0 23.9 19.5 14.4 13.7 10.9 6.3 4.9 5.2 BRAZIL 5549 10977 18.6 18.4 18.1 16.0 17.0 17.7 18.4 15.8 17.1 20.4 19.3 19.5 20.2 22.2 24.5 25.9 23.5 22.3 22.7 21.4 22.4 20.4 18.2 14.3 14.1 15.6 CHILE 8756 9768 20.4 21.4 20.0 21.2 19.5 19.7 18.5 17.2 17.8 18.8 19.9 17.9 15.9 16.5 10.3 20.3 14.6 15.2 15.7 14.4 14.5 14.5 23.2 20.9 14.2 19.8 COLOMBIA 5485 9276 18.4 18.5 15.8 14.8 15.5 14.7 16.2 13.8 15.6 15.0 16.5 16.1 14.5 14.9 17.5 14.1 14.4 15.8 15.9 15.3 16.2 17.9 18.5 17.6 15.9 14.2 ECUADOR 4459 9615 23.4 22.2 20.4 21.1 20.1 18.6 16.7 18.6 20.0 22.3 23.1 27.0 22.7 22.5 25.8 28.1 24.6 26.5 28.7 26.1 26.4 22.5 24.9 18.0 17.4 18.5 GUYANA 5608 3573 31.6 28.5 18.7 25.2 26.9 23.9 30.6 31.0 25.3 23.5 24.5 21.5 17.7 23.1 20.2 26.8 22.6 18.6 15.4 21.8 20.9 18.8 15.7 13.6 19.7 23.0 PARAGUAY 3575 6241 7.1 7.2 6.6 6.1 6.5 8.0 8.8 9.1 8.3 8.4 8.6 8.8 9.5 12.3 12.9 13.7 14.8 14.1 16.7 20.6 21.0 22.5 17.4 16.2 15.1 15.8 PERU 6309 8141 20.1 20.0 19.8 17.5 17.4 18.0 20.3 18.9 13.1 13.1 12.4 13.8 11.8 17.0 22.1 20.9 17.9 15.0 15.0 16.7 22.9 26.5 24.3 16.5 14.8 12.5 SURINAME 7110 10883 9.5 8.8 8.8 9.1 15.8 12.2 7.2 7.1 6.0 6.2 5.9 5.9 8.1 8.8 12.5 15.8 11.8 12.5 8.7 8.7 9.3 9.7 8.6 6.0 4.9 6.6 URUGUAY 9784 10216 11.5 12.0 10.5 9.5 7.8 7.6 7.4 8.3 7.3 8.8 11.7 12.5 10.6 9.9 10.8 13.2 15.6 18.4 20.1 23.6 23.7 20.7 18.6 13.3 11.2 10.1 VENEZUELA 20445 18362 23.2 21.3 21.7 20.5 25.8 24.6 22.9 22.8 25.8 24.0 28.9 28.4 28.2 26.4 20.9 25.7 28.3 33.1 32.4 24.4 20.2 19.9 22.4 10.8 14.3 15.2 BANGLADESH 2768 4265 5.1 7.6 5.7 6.2 6.8 6.3 7.2 8.8 5.3 4.7 3.5 3.3 1.6 3.7 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.8 3.3 3.2 4.4 4.4 3.8 3.3 3.1 3.2 CHINA 1076 2166 21.5 14.1 8.5 11.7 13.8 15.7 17.1 13.0 13.5 13.8 19.0 19.4 18.2 19.6 20.0 20.8 20.0 20.5 23.4 22.0 19.2 18.2 19.6 19.2 19.0 22.4 HONG_KONG 4172 16447 24.2 21.6 24.2 25.9 26.1 24.7 21.0 17.7 16.0 16.2 17.8 19.6 19.2 19.4 20.3 19.9 21.9 22.4 22.7 23.9 25.4 25.3 23.3 20.7 19.5 17.4 INDIA 1761 2719 13.6 10.6 11.1 11.2 11.7 12.5 14.7 13.3 11.8 12.4 12.8 13.4 12.5 14.0 14.7 14.2 14.7 14.0 15.5 15.5 14.0 16.6 14.9 12.9 12.7 14.4 INDONESIA 1638 4332 6.9 9.0 7.8 6.2 6.9 7.1 7.8 6.0 7.9 9.4 12.2 14.0 15.8 16.7 17.5 18.6 18.9 19.9 20.8 20.6 18.3 28.1 26.2 24.9 24.1 26.9 IRAN 10020 13847 16.0 15.0 12.9 13.9 14.3 17.3 16.3 18.9 18.6 18.3 15.4 15.7 17.4 15.5 15.6 19.6 24.7 25.8 20.6 17.3 32.6 26.2 17.1 25.0 26.2 18.9 IRAQ 12833 15855 8.8 8.5 6.8 7.3 6.7 6.0 6.2 6.6 5.6 5.7 6.9 6.2 7.2 8.8 12.3 14.2 10.0 9.4 16.7 16.0 12.4 25.3 27.6 21.9 20.7 18.6 ISRAEL 9685 21953 34.7 35.7 34.9 32.6 35.9 32.4 26.5 19.7 24.6 27.7 29.5 31.6 31.8 33.2 31.5 31.8 27.7 24.8 24.7 26.8 22.0 19.5 21.5 22.2 20.5 18.1 JAPAN 4998 18820 25.7 30.0 27.2 28.3 29.5 27.5 28.1 30.5 32.6 34.4 37.7 35.9 35.8 37.8 37.2 34.3 34.0 33.4 33.8 35.6 34.8 33.8 32.8 30.8 31.0 31.7 JORDAN 4488 15655 9.2 8.3 8.8 7.7 8.9 8.5 7.6 6.6 9.4 14.8 10.6 12.4 12.1 10.5 15.6 18.0 20.3 22.3 19.2 19.3 21.9 27.0 24.2 19.4 16.5 14.1 KOREA__REP. 2703 10361 7.3 8.4 7.9 14.6 10.7 10.1 15.6 16.3 19.6 24.5 21.4 20.7 18.5 20.8 25.7 23.7 23.8 27.0 31.4 33.9 29.0 27.7 27.4 27.6 28.8 28.5 MALAYSIA 4110 10458 14.3 14.7 16.5 16.6 16.2 16.1 16.2 16.9 17.0 15.2 21.8 21.0 21.2 23.4 28.1 23.2 22.8 25.0 25.3 25.6 27.3 30.3 32.6 32.6 31.6 26.9 MYANMAR 689 1332 10.5 9.8 8.1 7.1 7.0 12.2 2.2 7.6 10.2 8.9 9.9 7.9 7.8 6.6 7.2 7.2 7.1 8.2 10.8 12.1 11.9 12.6 11.9 9.6 8.1 8.1 NEPAL 1280 2244 2.7 2.6 2.6 3.1 4.6 3.9 3.1 3.4 3.5 2.9 3.9 4.6 4.2 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.8 5.8 6.0 7.2 8.6 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.3 8.4 PAKISTAN 2027 4249 12.7 11.7 14.3 13.6 15.3 9.2 10.1 10.2 7.9 9.9 9.0 9.3 9.2 9.3 8.5 9.6 9.2 9.6 9.4 9.2 9.2 9.6 10.4 10.2 9.9 10.2 PHILIPPINES 2971 4229 10.9 11.6 10.7 11.6 12.6 12.3 11.8 12.9 13.3 13.5 12.9 13.0 12.7 13.2 15.4 18.2 20.3 19.4 20.0 20.9 19.8 19.8 20.4 21.4 15.7 11.3 SAUDI_ARABIA 13798 28180 5.7 5.2 5.5 4.4 4.2 5.1 5.9 6.6 8.1 8.1 6.2 4.5 4.6 5.2 3.6 6.6 11.0 13.7 21.1 18.8 12.7 13.5 14.9 19.3 21.3 19.4 SINGAPORE 5008 17986 11.0 12.1 13.4 16.1 18.2 20.5 19.9 20.9 22.8 27.8 36.0 37.2 36.1 34.7 40.9 34.8 34.3 30.2 33.1 36.9 40.0 38.2 39.8 40.4 41.5 37.3 SRI_LANKA 3508 5597 4.8 5.7 4.7 5.5 5.4 4.7 5.0 5.2 5.9 7.1 7.2 6.5 7.2 5.4 8.4 7.8 9.2 8.2 11.4 14.5 16.7 14.4 13.6 12.4 12.4 11.2 SYRIA 5690 17166 14.4 16.5 18.3 18.4 14.2 11.9 15.8 13.1 15.6 16.3 10.9 11.2 11.4 12.3 12.9 15.6 19.2 20.4 16.7 16.4 18.2 17.4 17.8 18.8 19.7 18.5 TAIWAN 3374 12701 14.5 14.0 13.0 13.9 13.8 16.0 15.3 18.0 18.4 18.6 21.1 22.1 21.9 23.6 29.9 26.0 26.5 25.1 25.8 29.0 29.9 28.5 25.2 23.6 22.5 19.9 THAILAND 1884 4751 11.2 10.6 12.5 14.4 13.9 14.1 16.5 16.7 17.1 19.2 17.5 17.0 14.9 18.0 17.6 17.3 15.9 18.1 20.0 17.6 17.4 18.3 16.2 17.5 17.7 16.8 AUSTRIA 10713 23837 24.6 23.9 22.5 22.1 24.3 23.7 25.0 23.7 23.7 24.5 27.4 26.7 27.3 28.5 28.6 25.2 27.3 27.7 26.0 26.8 28.5 25.7 23.0 21.7 23.8 24.0 BELGIUM 14310 27325 22.9 24.3 23.7 22.9 25.8 24.4 25.5 24.5 23.6 24.7 25.8 24.4 22.9 24.1 26.3 23.5 24.2 24.1 24.3 24.1 24.7 20.1 19.8 17.8 19.0 17.6 CYPRUS 4967 13918 27.6 29.6 34.5 31.7 26.5 30.9 28.3 27.8 26.6 30.2 31.1 29.5 28.0 28.6 25.2 18.0 20.1 27.6 30.6 32.9 32.9 28.5 26.8 25.0 27.4 25.2 CZECHOSLOVAKIA 3328 7467 24.5 24.4 24.5 21.5 18.7 20.8 27.8 25.5 24.7 26.2 27.7 26.1 26.1 27.4 30.0 31.2 31.1 29.4 30.3 30.5 31.8 29.2 28.3 26.1 25.2 25.6 DENMARK 14807 23861 26.7 25.5 26.4 23.1 27.3 27.5 26.0 25.6 25.7 27.9 28.5 27.9 28.0 29.8 28.9 24.0 28.1 26.7 25.5 25.9 22.2 18.2 19.7 18.8 21.5 22.9 FINLAND 11577 23700 38.9 38.5 36.3 32.9 34.4 36.6 35.5 33.3 32.3 33.5 39.0 38.0 33.8 35.1 42.3 41.1 33.1 31.4 28.3 32.7 36.1 33.1 33.3 32.2 30.9 30.2 FRANCE 13478 27064 25.2 24.6 25.0 25.0 26.7 25.9 26.7 26.4 26.7 28.5 29.3 28.8 28.7 30.1 31.3 26.2 28.3 27.4 26.1 27.3 28.0 25.6 25.7 23.3 22.6 23.0 GERMANY__WEST 13919 27252 32.4 31.2 30.4 29.1 31.1 31.1 29.3 26.1 27.8 29.5 30.8 29.6 29.0 28.9 26.1 24.4 26.3 25.3 25.3 27.7 27.3 24.7 23.4 24.2 24.0 23.5 GREECE 5151 16270 21.6 23.2 22.3 23.6 27.2 28.3 24.5 23.5 24.4 28.1 29.5 29.1 29.6 35.8 29.8 27.9 26.8 26.0 26.7 28.9 27.0 22.5 20.9 20.2 18.7 20.0 ICELAND 12585 23256 31.5 26.1 24.4 29.3 32.2 30.2 30.8 35.6 32.3 26.0 24.2 36.0 25.2 30.4 39.6 38.2 26.2 30.5 25.0 26.2 28.5 28.2 29.1 22.0 25.2 23.9 IRELAND 8391 19197 17.5 18.1 19.9 20.8 22.6 24.3 21.3 20.0 22.6 26.2 25.6 25.1 26.5 29.0 30.4 22.8 25.8 27.9 29.0 34.2 29.1 30.0 29.9 26.0 25.1 22.6 ITALY 11063 27189 34.2 34.2 34.5 34.3 31.3 27.5 26.9 27.9 28.3 29.4 29.9 27.7 27.1 29.4 31.0 25.1 27.4 25.4 25.0 25.6 28.0 25.1 24.3 22.8 24.0 24.1 LUXEMBOURG 18769 30782 37.9 40.8 42.3 36.1 31.9 34.5 31.2 21.4 20.2 22.9 28.6 31.8 30.3 28.4 23.1 25.4 24.7 20.9 26.1 22.1 26.3 26.3 26.3 24.4 24.5 22.2 MALTA 4737 15380 21.0 18.2 18.5 19.8 23.1 21.3 21.5 23.6 25.8 27.0 24.4 21.5 19.4 17.5 19.8 17.4 18.8 18.4 18.0 18.8 19.7 22.7 29.1 25.0 23.2 21.9 NETHERLANDS 17117 28563 27.6 26.9 25.6 24.1 28.2 26.5 26.9 26.9 27.5 27.4 29.6 28.2 25.9 26.6 26.2 22.9 23.1 23.9 24.3 23.7 23.4 19.5 19.3 19.6 20.2 21.1 NORWAY 14291 28749 32.0 31.7 31.3 31.9 31.6 32.3 32.6 33.6 29.7 27.7 33.8 35.8 30.6 33.5 37.6 40.2 42.6 41.2 31.2 30.1 29.6 27.9 28.8 26.7 28.8 27.0 PORTUGAL 4853 11343 21.6 19.6 21.0 19.2 21.2 21.9 21.2 22.5 21.3 21.0 26.6 25.0 26.5 27.7 25.4 19.4 20.3 23.2 24.3 25.4 28.0 28.3 28.8 22.0 18.1 17.8 ROMANIA 760 4021 15.1 22.0 22.8 26.8 23.7 22.8 24.4 27.0 27.0 27.3 28.9 29.3 29.3 28.6 30.2 30.2 32.5 31.1 33.3 32.0 30.0 26.3 26.4 25.9 24.8 24.0 SPAIN 8186 21169 19.7 21.5 22.8 22.4 23.6 25.3 26.3 25.3 25.5 27.4 27.3 25.5 26.6 27.8 30.0 28.5 27.3 25.6 24.0 23.5 24.4 22.7 23.3 22.4 20.8 20.7 SWEDEN 17352 26504 25.6 24.2 23.9 23.5 25.4 25.6 24.5 23.7 23.1 24.3 26.8 24.4 23.1 22.1 25.1 25.8 25.6 22.2 19.0 21.8 23.5 19.8 19.5 18.7 19.6 21.3 SWITZERLAND 20149 29848 30.0 31.5 30.8 30.2 31.3 28.7 27.8 27.8 27.0 27.6 31.2 31.1 29.9 30.4 31.7 24.2 23.1 23.0 24.2 27.9 31.5 28.7 27.3 27.4 27.9 28.6 TURKEY 3194 7091 16.7 16.4 16.2 16.4 16.1 15.4 18.3 17.7 18.2 18.1 20.6 18.6 18.6 20.7 24.2 27.2 26.2 27.3 21.0 21.5 24.0 25.0 23.1 21.8 20.5 22.5 U.K. 14754 22981 18.0 17.3 16.1 16.1 19.2 18.5 17.9 18.4 18.9 19.2 19.8 19.1 18.0 20.5 20.2 17.5 19.1 18.8 18.5 18.7 15.7 14.3 15.5 16.2 17.1 17.2 U.S.S.R. 4667 13700 39.0 39.6 38.3 38.1 39.4 39.2 39.1 39.1 39.5 37.3 38.9 38.9 38.2 38.6 39.3 40.5 39.4 40.1 40.1 39.4 38.7 38.4 38.6 38.2 38.0 38.6 YUGOSLAVIA 4230 11417 29.5 29.8 30.4 31.5 33.3 28.5 26.5 26.2 24.9 26.0 29.6 28.5 27.0 29.0 27.0 29.6 30.7 31.5 28.2 32.3 31.3 31.3 30.6 30.4 31.1 31.7 AUSTRALIA 19261 28960 30.6 25.1 27.8 27.2 30.9 29.2 28.8 27.9 29.7 29.0 30.4 28.5 26.5 28.9 27.8 26.7 27.9 25.6 28.1 27.2 28.5 30.1 25.0 26.0 26.5 27.3 FIJI 7607 9840 20.5 19.3 16.0 16.5 18.7 18.2 17.6 17.8 21.7 19.9 18.8 19.8 20.6 20.2 16.5 16.9 16.4 15.8 17.1 21.2 23.5 24.0 18.0 15.9 13.2 13.5 NEW_ZEALAND 21285 26039 23.5 24.1 21.7 22.3 24.3 25.7 26.5 23.0 19.3 22.0 22.9 23.1 22.3 27.0 34.3 24.2 24.4 22.6 19.2 21.3 19.9 22.7 23.7 23.5 25.5 24.4 PAPUA_N.GUINEA 2270 3374 10.2 8.0 9.4 11.7 13.1 14.4 14.2 14.2 14.1 23.2 28.6 29.2 19.4 11.6 12.4 12.9 11.6 12.3 12.3 14.4 15.6 15.8 18.2 18.0 16.4 11.5